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Jamban




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Jamban di Jepang


Jamban nyaéta pamandian, tampian, pacilingan, kamar mandi.[1] Ilaharna jamban di kampung mah pamandian anu caina ti makam keramat nu di agung-agung.[1]




Eusi





  • 1 Wangenan

    • 1.1 Jamban imah


    • 1.2 Jamban umum



  • 2 Sajarah


  • 3 Jenis


  • 4 Rujukan




Wangenan |


Aya sawatara jenis jamban di sakuliah dunya. Klosét diuk (klosét nu dipakéna ku cara didiukan nalika ngising) nu mibanda fasilitas pikeun nyéblok caduk sanggeus dipaké mangrupa jenis jamban nu paling ilahar dipaké di Kulon, sedengkeun klosét nagog (klosét nu dipakéna kku cara nagog diluhureunana nalika keur ngising) mah ilahar dipaké di Asia Tenggara, Asia Wétan (Republik Rahayat Tiongkok jeung Jepang), India, sarta masih bisa di jamban umum di Éropa kidul jeung wétan (kaasup sawaréh Perancis, Yunani, Italia, nagara-nagara Balkan, jeung nagara urut Uni Soviet).




Klosét nagog


Aya ogé babaraha cara pikeun mersihkeun manéh saanggeus maké jamban. Ieu perkara gumantung kana norma jeung adat nu lumaku disabudeureunana jeung deuih kumaha sumber daya nu nyangkarukna. Di Asia, cai dipaké pikeun kabutuhanana, jeung biasana mah maké leungeun katuhu. Ari di Kulon, nu sok dipakéna nyaéta tisu, bis ogé makjuga dengan menggunakan perlengkapan lain mirip jamban yang disebut bidét (sajenis jamban diuk ngan fungsina sarupa kawas wastafel).


Rohangan jamban aya ogé nu dirancang husus pikeun ngababarikeun kanu cacad. Biasana mah jamban nu kitu téh rada lega pikeun diasupan ku korsi roda jeung dina dngdingna sok aya panyekelanana nu biasa mantuan pamaké jamban nempatkeun manéh.



Jamban imah |


Di nagara maju, ampir sakumna tempat dumuk téh mibanda saeutikna hiji jamban. jamban di tempat dumuk pribadi mah umumna teu dipisah dumasar génder. Jamban bisa disarohangankeun dijieunna jeung tempat mandi, bisa ogé henteu. Anyar-anyar kénéh mah di India disarankeun sakumna awéwé téh wajib miboga jamban séwang-séwangan di imahna.[2]



Jamban umum |




jamban umum di tepi jalan di Perancis, disebut sanisette


Fasilitas umum biasana mah nyayagakeun jamban nu bisa dipaké ku saha baé. Ilaharna jamban umum nu kawas kieu téh ngawengku kamar-kamar jamban kalawan fasilitas ngumbah leungeun di tempat nu misah. Jamban umum biasana dipisahkeun (nyaéta béda rohangan) kumaha génderna, aya jamban lalaki jeung aya jamban awéwé. Tempat ngumbah leungeun bisa ogé disadiakeun di tempat séwang-séwangan. Jamban umum lalaki mah biasana mibanda tempat kiih nu misah, bisa mangrupa urinoir nu désainna husus nu napel kana dingding pikeun pakéeun saurang atawa ogé mangrupa bak atawa susukan nu sok dikamaliran cai jang dipaké leuwih ku saurang nu disekatan nu maksudna pikeun ngajaga privasi séwang-séwangan.


Jamban umum di luar rohangan (di sisi jalan, di sabudeureun taman, jeung sajabana) bisa disebut minangka parabot jalan. jamban umum nu samodél kieu biasana mah bisa dipaké boh ku lalaki boh ku awéwé, wangunna pasagi nu aya parabot basajan nu teu mibanda kokocoran cai jeung kudu mersihan sorangan mun geus dipaké.


Aya ogé jamban nu bisa dipundah-pindah sangkan bisa ditempatkeun di mana waé mun saupamana diperlukeun misalna dina hiji konsér musik di tempat kabuka.


Jamban umum ogé bisa sayaga di jero kandaraan umum. Biasana mah aya jamban dina pasawat terbang, karéta, kapal laut, jeung sok aya ogé dina beus jeung kapal péri jarak jauh, ngan henteu dina angkutan kota mah kayaning karéta listrik, trém, jeung beus kota.


Jamban umum bisa méntaan bayaran ti pamakéna. Éta babayaran boisa ku cara:


  • nunda duit di tempat kabuka nu teu dijagaan,

  • ngasupkeun duit kana koropak nu aya liangan leutik kawas céngcéléngan,

  • ngasupkeun deui liwat liang husus di sabudeureun panto jamban; panto jamban ngan bisa dibuka mun geus ngasupkeun deuit kadinya,

  • méré duit kanu ngajagaan jambanna (nu sakapeung mah jadi nu tanggung jawab minangka patugas kabersihan jamban).


Sajarah |


Abad ka-19 katompérnakeun, ku sabab lieur nungkulan panyakit kolera, pamaréntah Hindia Walanda ngawanohkeun WC dongko anu higinis ka masarakat pribumi.[3] Kawijakan ieu dituluykeun di masa Orde Baru khususna di désa-désa anu masarakatna masih miceun hajat di leuwi.[3] Tina kajadian éta ayana perbandingan konsép higienis dina uteuk urang Walanda jeung masarakat pribumi.[3]


Jamban (toilét) geus dipaké ti masa sajarah. Abad ka-25 SM, masarakat Harappa di India miboga jamban di unggal imah anu saluran caina tina batu bata. Di peradaban Mesir jeung Tiongkok kuno ogé geus aya jamban.[4] Di peradaban Romawi, jamban mangrupa bagian tina tempat mandi umum.[4] Kapanggihna jamban anu fasilitasna maké penyiraman nyaéta ku Sir John Harington dina taun 1596, sanajan cara makéna sacara umum encan sampurna, lila kalilaan jadi mekar saenggeus ayana parobahan dina Victoria di Inggris.[4]



Jenis |


  1. Jamban émpang atawa walungan: Jamban émpang nyaéta jamban anu ayana di luhuereun kamalirna cai. Jamban émpang bakal nimbulkeun panyakit jeung ngotoran cai walungan.[5]

  2. Jamban beuheung soang: Modél ieu loba bentukna mirip jeung beuheung angsa, ieu modél téh geus sumebar di sakabéh alam dunya.[5] Jamban ieu rupa-rupa bentukna aya anu dongko jeung aya anu diuk.[5] Jamban modél ieu alus pikeun kaséhatan ku sabab bisa nyingkahan tina bau jeung tina sato anu asup, salain ti éta di lengkepn ku sépiténg.[5]

  3. Jamban kimia: Jamban kimia nyaéta tempat pamiceunan kabeuratan anu maké zat kimia pikeun maéhan virus, bakteri jeung kuman.[5] Biasana jamban ieu ayana diana jamban portable atawa mobil dina beus, karéta api, kapal terbang, jrrd.[5]


Rujukan |




  1. ↑ ab Danadibrata,R.A.(2006).Kamus Basa Sunda.Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama.


  2. ↑ Sen, Ayanjit. "No toilet, no seat, says minister". Diakses tanggal 2009-07-14. 


  3. ↑ abc WC atau toilet: Suatu Monumen Sejarah Indonesia (Dicutat tanggal 23 Oktober 2011)


  4. ↑ abc Sejarah Toilet (Dicutat tanggal 23 Oktober 2011)


  5. ↑ abcdef WC umum









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