三哩島核電廠 參見 註釋 參考 导航菜单40°9′14″N 76°43′29″W / 40.15389°N 76.72472°W / 40.15389; -76.7247240°9′14″N 76°43′29″W / 40.15389°N 76.72472°W / 40.15389; -76.72472Three Mile IslandFact Sheet on the Three Mile Island AccidentCancer near the Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant: Radiation EmissionsPMID 2389745Cancer rates after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident and proximity of residence to the plantPMC 1405170PMID 2029040doi:10.2105/AJPH.81.6.719Accident at Three Mile Island原始内容Accident at Three Mile Island原始内容History of Three Mile IslandAfter failing to clear PJM auction, Exelon says Three Mile Island nuke will close in 2019编WorldCat Identities2087708-0sh85135029248088287
美國核電站宾夕法尼亚州道芬县建筑物萨斯奎汉纳河
賓夕法尼亞州哈里斯堡薩斯奎漢納河三哩島反應爐爐心熔毀美國商業核能最重大事故美國核能管理委員會癌症放射性污染物
三哩島核電廠
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| Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station | |
|---|---|
 2010年時的三哩島核電廠空拍照片，照片中兩座圓柱體建物由左至右分別為二號機及一號機，四座高聳的塔為冷卻塔 | |
  Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station在賓夕法尼亞州的位置 | |
| 位置 | 賓夕法尼亞州哈里斯堡薩斯奎漢納河三哩島 |
| 坐標 | 40°9′14″N 76°43′29″W / 40.15389°N 76.72472°W / 40.15389; -76.72472坐标：40°9′14″N 76°43′29″W / 40.15389°N 76.72472°W / 40.15389; -76.72472 |
| 現況 | 一號機：運作中 二號機：1979年事故後已停用 |
| 始建日期 | 1968年–1970年 |
| 啟用日期 | 1974年9月2日 |
| 运营单位 | Exelon Nuclear |
| 建造者 | United Engineers and Constructors |
| 核电站 | |
| 反應堆類型 | 壓水反應爐 |
| 反應堆供應商 | Babcock & Wilcox |
| 發電概況 | |
| 额定容量 | 852 MW |
網站 Three Mile Island | |
三哩島核電廠（Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station）是美國核電廠，位於賓夕法尼亞州哈里斯堡南面薩斯奎漢納河三哩島（NPP）。它具有兩個獨立的反應爐，被稱為TMI-1和TMI-2。1979年3月28日，二號反應爐遭遇了爐心熔毀，該廠被廣泛認為是美國商業核能最重大事故的發生地。根據美國核能管理委員會(NRC)的調查，事故沒有導致人員死亡或受傷[1] 。後續流行病學研究也未發現癌症病例[2][3][4][5]。二號反應爐於事故後已停用，一號機仍繼續使用，運轉執照有效期至2034年[6]。TMI-2反應堆堆芯已經從現場移除，但現場尚未退役[7]。 1998年7月，Amergen能源公司（現為Exelon Generation）同意以1億美元購買通用公用事業公司的TMI[8]。
NRC定義了核電站周圍的兩個應急計劃區：半徑為10英里（16公里）的羽流暴露路徑區，主要涉及暴露於和吸入空氣中的放射性污染物，以及攝入通道區約為50英里（80公里），主要關注攝入食物和被放射性污染的液體[9]。
根據美國人口普查數據msnbc.com的分析，三里島10英里（16公里）以內的2010年美國人口為211,261人，十年來增長了10.9％。50英里（80公里）範圍內的2010年美國人口為2,803,322人，比2000年增長10.3％。50英里以內的城市包括哈里斯堡（距市中心12英里），約克（距市中心13英里），蘭開斯特（距市中心24英里）[10]。
於2017年5月30日，宣布由於經營該工廠的成本高昂，TMI將於2019年停止經營[11]。
參見
- 核安全
註釋
參考
^ Fact Sheet on the Three Mile Island Accident. US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. [2008-12-18].
^ Maureen C. Hatch; 等. Cancer near the Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant: Radiation Emissions. American Journal of Epidemiology (Oxford Journals). 1990, 132 (3): 397–412. PMID 2389745. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18300710 RJ Levin (2008), "Incidence of thyroid cancer in residents surrounding the three mile island nuclear facility", Laryngoscope 118 (4), pp. 618-628 "Thyroid cancer incidence has not increased in Dauphin County, the county in which TMI is located. York County demonstrated a trend toward increasing thyroid cancer incidence beginning in 1995, approximately 15 years after the TMI accident. Lancaster County showed a significant increase in thyroid cancer incidence beginning in 1990. These findings, however, do not provide a causal link to the TMI accident."
^ Hatch MC, Wallenstein S, Beyea J, Nieves JW, Susser M. Cancer rates after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident and proximity of residence to the plant. American Journal of Public Health. June 1991, 81 (6): 719–724. PMC 1405170. PMID 2029040. doi:10.2105/AJPH.81.6.719.
^ http://www.uvm.edu/~vlrs/Energy/NuclearPower.pdf
^ Accident at Three Mile Island. Policy Almanac. [2008-12-18]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-07）.
^ Accident at Three Mile Island. Policy Almanac. [2008-12-18]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-07）.
^ STAFF, CBS21 WEB. History of Three Mile Island. WHP. [2017-12-07] （美国英语）.
^ https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/emerg-plan-prep-nuc-power-bg.html
^ Bill Dedman, Nuclear neighbors: Population rises near US reactors, msnbc.com, April 14, 2011 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42555888/ns/us_news-life/ Accessed May 1, 2011.
^ Bade, Gavin. After failing to clear PJM auction, Exelon says Three Mile Island nuke will close in 2019. Utility Dive. 30 May 2017 [30 May 2017].
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分类：
- 美國核電站
- 宾夕法尼亚州道芬县建筑物
- 萨斯奎汉纳河
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