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Python requests library is not working, while cURL is working



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)
Data science time! April 2019 and salary with experience
The Ask Question Wizard is Live!Calling an external command in PythonWhat are metaclasses in Python?Finding the index of an item given a list containing it in PythonDifference between append vs. extend list methods in PythonHow can I safely create a nested directory in Python?Does Python have a ternary conditional operator?How to get the current time in PythonHow can I make a time delay in Python?Does Python have a string 'contains' substring method?Why is “1000000000000000 in range(1000000000000001)” so fast in Python 3?



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1















I need to retrieve a JWT (JSON Web Token) from a Microsoft API using Python (check this API documentation for Microsoft Graph)



The following Python code using the requests library does not work giving HTTP response code 400, however, the equivalent cURL command does work giving back the expected JSON containing the JWT.



Python / requests code:



tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
http_headers =
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

http_query_params =
"client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
"scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
"client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
"grant_type": "client_credentials",

http_response = requests.post(token_url, params=http_query_params, headers=http_headers)


cURL command:



curl -v -X POST 
--data-urlencode 'client_id=<MY_FOO_C_ID>'
--data-urlencode 'scope=<MY_FOO_SCOPE>'
--data-urlencode 'client_secret=<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>'
--data-urlencode 'grant_type=client_credentials'
-H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
'https://login.microsoftonline.com/<MY_FOO_TENANT>/oauth2/v2.0/token'


From the verbose output of the requests library I can see that it is URL encoding all those HTTP query parameters, so I tend to think that should not be the problem.



  • what's wrong with the Python implementation?

  • how to make it work?









share|improve this question






























    1















    I need to retrieve a JWT (JSON Web Token) from a Microsoft API using Python (check this API documentation for Microsoft Graph)



    The following Python code using the requests library does not work giving HTTP response code 400, however, the equivalent cURL command does work giving back the expected JSON containing the JWT.



    Python / requests code:



    tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
    token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
    http_headers =
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

    http_query_params =
    "client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
    "scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
    "client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
    "grant_type": "client_credentials",

    http_response = requests.post(token_url, params=http_query_params, headers=http_headers)


    cURL command:



    curl -v -X POST 
    --data-urlencode 'client_id=<MY_FOO_C_ID>'
    --data-urlencode 'scope=<MY_FOO_SCOPE>'
    --data-urlencode 'client_secret=<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>'
    --data-urlencode 'grant_type=client_credentials'
    -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
    'https://login.microsoftonline.com/<MY_FOO_TENANT>/oauth2/v2.0/token'


    From the verbose output of the requests library I can see that it is URL encoding all those HTTP query parameters, so I tend to think that should not be the problem.



    • what's wrong with the Python implementation?

    • how to make it work?









    share|improve this question


























      1












      1








      1








      I need to retrieve a JWT (JSON Web Token) from a Microsoft API using Python (check this API documentation for Microsoft Graph)



      The following Python code using the requests library does not work giving HTTP response code 400, however, the equivalent cURL command does work giving back the expected JSON containing the JWT.



      Python / requests code:



      tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
      token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
      http_headers =
      'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

      http_query_params =
      "client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
      "scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
      "client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
      "grant_type": "client_credentials",

      http_response = requests.post(token_url, params=http_query_params, headers=http_headers)


      cURL command:



      curl -v -X POST 
      --data-urlencode 'client_id=<MY_FOO_C_ID>'
      --data-urlencode 'scope=<MY_FOO_SCOPE>'
      --data-urlencode 'client_secret=<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>'
      --data-urlencode 'grant_type=client_credentials'
      -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
      'https://login.microsoftonline.com/<MY_FOO_TENANT>/oauth2/v2.0/token'


      From the verbose output of the requests library I can see that it is URL encoding all those HTTP query parameters, so I tend to think that should not be the problem.



      • what's wrong with the Python implementation?

      • how to make it work?









      share|improve this question
















      I need to retrieve a JWT (JSON Web Token) from a Microsoft API using Python (check this API documentation for Microsoft Graph)



      The following Python code using the requests library does not work giving HTTP response code 400, however, the equivalent cURL command does work giving back the expected JSON containing the JWT.



      Python / requests code:



      tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
      token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
      http_headers =
      'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

      http_query_params =
      "client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
      "scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
      "client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
      "grant_type": "client_credentials",

      http_response = requests.post(token_url, params=http_query_params, headers=http_headers)


      cURL command:



      curl -v -X POST 
      --data-urlencode 'client_id=<MY_FOO_C_ID>'
      --data-urlencode 'scope=<MY_FOO_SCOPE>'
      --data-urlencode 'client_secret=<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>'
      --data-urlencode 'grant_type=client_credentials'
      -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
      'https://login.microsoftonline.com/<MY_FOO_TENANT>/oauth2/v2.0/token'


      From the verbose output of the requests library I can see that it is URL encoding all those HTTP query parameters, so I tend to think that should not be the problem.



      • what's wrong with the Python implementation?

      • how to make it work?






      python python-3.x python-requests jwt microsoft-graph






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited Mar 22 at 14:34









      Fozoro

      1,8312927




      1,8312927










      asked Mar 22 at 11:47









      TPPZTPPZ

      1,03312049




      1,03312049






















          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          2














          you should pass http_query_params as data instead of params. try the following code:



          tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
          token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
          http_headers =
          'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

          http_body =
          "client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
          "scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
          "client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
          "grant_type": "client_credentials",

          http_response = requests.post(token_url, data=http_body, headers=http_headers)


          hope this helps






          share|improve this answer

























          • Thanks that helps and it works. However this means that http_query_params is not really HTTP query params (?xxx=yyy&aaa=bbb), but instead it's the HTTP request body, right? And the reason it works in cURL is due to the fact that --data-urlencode is not actually encoding HTTP query parameters, but it's URL encoding HTTP request body due to the "form header format" (HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded), right?

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:54











          • Hmmm, I see so basically you don’t want it to be in the body of the request but in the URL?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 12:56











          • I think I was tricked by that "form header" combined with my misunderstanding of cURL --data-urlencode. Your suggestion works, and looking at the requests docs it seems the data= parameter is for HTTP bodies. So basically the example in the Microsoft documentation is a bit misleading when presenting those key/value pairs as (URL encoded) HTTP query parameters.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:59











          • Oh great! So does my code solve your issue? Or you have any other problems that you are facing now?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 13:00











          • Yes, I would just add a mention that http_query_params should be renamed to http_body and (AFAIK) this probably works as HTTP body because of the HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 13:02











          Your Answer






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          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

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          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          2














          you should pass http_query_params as data instead of params. try the following code:



          tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
          token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
          http_headers =
          'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

          http_body =
          "client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
          "scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
          "client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
          "grant_type": "client_credentials",

          http_response = requests.post(token_url, data=http_body, headers=http_headers)


          hope this helps






          share|improve this answer

























          • Thanks that helps and it works. However this means that http_query_params is not really HTTP query params (?xxx=yyy&aaa=bbb), but instead it's the HTTP request body, right? And the reason it works in cURL is due to the fact that --data-urlencode is not actually encoding HTTP query parameters, but it's URL encoding HTTP request body due to the "form header format" (HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded), right?

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:54











          • Hmmm, I see so basically you don’t want it to be in the body of the request but in the URL?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 12:56











          • I think I was tricked by that "form header" combined with my misunderstanding of cURL --data-urlencode. Your suggestion works, and looking at the requests docs it seems the data= parameter is for HTTP bodies. So basically the example in the Microsoft documentation is a bit misleading when presenting those key/value pairs as (URL encoded) HTTP query parameters.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:59











          • Oh great! So does my code solve your issue? Or you have any other problems that you are facing now?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 13:00











          • Yes, I would just add a mention that http_query_params should be renamed to http_body and (AFAIK) this probably works as HTTP body because of the HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 13:02















          2














          you should pass http_query_params as data instead of params. try the following code:



          tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
          token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
          http_headers =
          'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

          http_body =
          "client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
          "scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
          "client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
          "grant_type": "client_credentials",

          http_response = requests.post(token_url, data=http_body, headers=http_headers)


          hope this helps






          share|improve this answer

























          • Thanks that helps and it works. However this means that http_query_params is not really HTTP query params (?xxx=yyy&aaa=bbb), but instead it's the HTTP request body, right? And the reason it works in cURL is due to the fact that --data-urlencode is not actually encoding HTTP query parameters, but it's URL encoding HTTP request body due to the "form header format" (HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded), right?

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:54











          • Hmmm, I see so basically you don’t want it to be in the body of the request but in the URL?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 12:56











          • I think I was tricked by that "form header" combined with my misunderstanding of cURL --data-urlencode. Your suggestion works, and looking at the requests docs it seems the data= parameter is for HTTP bodies. So basically the example in the Microsoft documentation is a bit misleading when presenting those key/value pairs as (URL encoded) HTTP query parameters.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:59











          • Oh great! So does my code solve your issue? Or you have any other problems that you are facing now?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 13:00











          • Yes, I would just add a mention that http_query_params should be renamed to http_body and (AFAIK) this probably works as HTTP body because of the HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 13:02













          2












          2








          2







          you should pass http_query_params as data instead of params. try the following code:



          tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
          token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
          http_headers =
          'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

          http_body =
          "client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
          "scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
          "client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
          "grant_type": "client_credentials",

          http_response = requests.post(token_url, data=http_body, headers=http_headers)


          hope this helps






          share|improve this answer















          you should pass http_query_params as data instead of params. try the following code:



          tenant = "<MY_FOO_TENANT>"
          token_url = "https://login.microsoftonline.com//oauth2/v2.0/token".format(tenant)
          http_headers =
          'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',

          http_body =
          "client_id": "<MY_FOO_C_ID>",
          "scope": "<MY_FOO_SCOPE>",
          "client_secret": "<MY_FOO_C_SECRET>",
          "grant_type": "client_credentials",

          http_response = requests.post(token_url, data=http_body, headers=http_headers)


          hope this helps







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Mar 22 at 13:05

























          answered Mar 22 at 12:25









          FozoroFozoro

          1,8312927




          1,8312927












          • Thanks that helps and it works. However this means that http_query_params is not really HTTP query params (?xxx=yyy&aaa=bbb), but instead it's the HTTP request body, right? And the reason it works in cURL is due to the fact that --data-urlencode is not actually encoding HTTP query parameters, but it's URL encoding HTTP request body due to the "form header format" (HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded), right?

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:54











          • Hmmm, I see so basically you don’t want it to be in the body of the request but in the URL?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 12:56











          • I think I was tricked by that "form header" combined with my misunderstanding of cURL --data-urlencode. Your suggestion works, and looking at the requests docs it seems the data= parameter is for HTTP bodies. So basically the example in the Microsoft documentation is a bit misleading when presenting those key/value pairs as (URL encoded) HTTP query parameters.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:59











          • Oh great! So does my code solve your issue? Or you have any other problems that you are facing now?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 13:00











          • Yes, I would just add a mention that http_query_params should be renamed to http_body and (AFAIK) this probably works as HTTP body because of the HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 13:02

















          • Thanks that helps and it works. However this means that http_query_params is not really HTTP query params (?xxx=yyy&aaa=bbb), but instead it's the HTTP request body, right? And the reason it works in cURL is due to the fact that --data-urlencode is not actually encoding HTTP query parameters, but it's URL encoding HTTP request body due to the "form header format" (HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded), right?

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:54











          • Hmmm, I see so basically you don’t want it to be in the body of the request but in the URL?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 12:56











          • I think I was tricked by that "form header" combined with my misunderstanding of cURL --data-urlencode. Your suggestion works, and looking at the requests docs it seems the data= parameter is for HTTP bodies. So basically the example in the Microsoft documentation is a bit misleading when presenting those key/value pairs as (URL encoded) HTTP query parameters.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 12:59











          • Oh great! So does my code solve your issue? Or you have any other problems that you are facing now?

            – Fozoro
            Mar 22 at 13:00











          • Yes, I would just add a mention that http_query_params should be renamed to http_body and (AFAIK) this probably works as HTTP body because of the HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

            – TPPZ
            Mar 22 at 13:02
















          Thanks that helps and it works. However this means that http_query_params is not really HTTP query params (?xxx=yyy&aaa=bbb), but instead it's the HTTP request body, right? And the reason it works in cURL is due to the fact that --data-urlencode is not actually encoding HTTP query parameters, but it's URL encoding HTTP request body due to the "form header format" (HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded), right?

          – TPPZ
          Mar 22 at 12:54





          Thanks that helps and it works. However this means that http_query_params is not really HTTP query params (?xxx=yyy&aaa=bbb), but instead it's the HTTP request body, right? And the reason it works in cURL is due to the fact that --data-urlencode is not actually encoding HTTP query parameters, but it's URL encoding HTTP request body due to the "form header format" (HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded), right?

          – TPPZ
          Mar 22 at 12:54













          Hmmm, I see so basically you don’t want it to be in the body of the request but in the URL?

          – Fozoro
          Mar 22 at 12:56





          Hmmm, I see so basically you don’t want it to be in the body of the request but in the URL?

          – Fozoro
          Mar 22 at 12:56













          I think I was tricked by that "form header" combined with my misunderstanding of cURL --data-urlencode. Your suggestion works, and looking at the requests docs it seems the data= parameter is for HTTP bodies. So basically the example in the Microsoft documentation is a bit misleading when presenting those key/value pairs as (URL encoded) HTTP query parameters.

          – TPPZ
          Mar 22 at 12:59





          I think I was tricked by that "form header" combined with my misunderstanding of cURL --data-urlencode. Your suggestion works, and looking at the requests docs it seems the data= parameter is for HTTP bodies. So basically the example in the Microsoft documentation is a bit misleading when presenting those key/value pairs as (URL encoded) HTTP query parameters.

          – TPPZ
          Mar 22 at 12:59













          Oh great! So does my code solve your issue? Or you have any other problems that you are facing now?

          – Fozoro
          Mar 22 at 13:00





          Oh great! So does my code solve your issue? Or you have any other problems that you are facing now?

          – Fozoro
          Mar 22 at 13:00













          Yes, I would just add a mention that http_query_params should be renamed to http_body and (AFAIK) this probably works as HTTP body because of the HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

          – TPPZ
          Mar 22 at 13:02





          Yes, I would just add a mention that http_query_params should be renamed to http_body and (AFAIK) this probably works as HTTP body because of the HTTP header Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

          – TPPZ
          Mar 22 at 13:02



















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          은진 송씨 목차 역사 본관 분파 인물 조선 왕실과의 인척 관계 집성촌 항렬자 인구 같이 보기 각주 둘러보기 메뉴은진 송씨세종실록 149권, 지리지 충청도 공주목 은진현