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Validation loss increases after 3 epochs but validation accuracy keeps increasing


noisy validation loss (versus epoch) when using batch normalizationKeras image classification validation accuracy higherloss, val_loss, acc and val_acc do not update at all over epochsKeras: Training loss decrases (accuracy increase) while validation loss increases (accuracy decrease)Keras LSTM - Validation Loss Increasing From Epoch #1ConvNet validation accuracy relation with each epochTest Accuracy Increases Whilst Loss IncreasesWhy model produces the best performance after the first epoch when my training loss decreases and the accuracy of the validation set increases?Validation Loss Never DecreasesTraining Loss suddenly increases while validation loss continues decreasing in tensorflow






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2















Training and validation is healthy for 2 epochs but after 2-3 epochs the Val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing.



I'm trying to train a CNN model to classify a given review to a single class of 1-5. Therefore, I considered it as a multi-class classification.
I've divided the dataset to 3 sets - 70% training, 20% testing and 10% validation.



Distribution of training data for 5 classes as follows.



1 - 31613, 2 - 32527, 3 - 61044, 4 - 140005, 5 - 173023.



Therefore I've added class weights as follows.



1: 5.47, 2: 5.32, 3: 2.83, 4: 1.26, 5: 1



Model structure is as below.



input_layer = Input(shape=(max_length, ), dtype='int32')

embedding = Embedding(vocab_size, 200, input_length=max_length)(input_layer)

channel1 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=2, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel1 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel1)

channel2 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=3, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel2 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel2)

channel3 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=4, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel3 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel3)

merged = concatenate([channel1, channel2, channel3], axis=1)

merged = Dense(256, activation='relu')(merged)
merged = Dropout(0.6)(merged)
merged = Dense(5)(merged)
output = Activation('softmax')(merged)
model = Model(inputs=[input_layer], outputs=[output])

model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(final_X_train, final_Y_train, epochs=5, batch_size=512, validation_data=(final_X_val, final_Y_val), callbacks=callback, class_weight=class_weights)



1/5 - loss: 1.8733 - categorical_accuracy: 0.5892 - val_loss: 0.7749 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6558



2/5 - loss: 1.3908 - categorical_accuracy: 0.6917 - val_loss: 0.7421 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6784



3/5 - loss: 0.9587 - categorical_accuracy: 0.7734 - val_loss: 0.7595 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6947



4/5 - loss: 0.6402 - categorical_accuracy: 0.8370 - val_loss: 0.7921 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.7216



5/5 - loss: 0.4520 - categorical_accuracy: 0.8814 - val_loss: 0.8556 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.7331



Final accuracy = 0.7328754744261703



This seems to be an overfitting behavior, but I've tried adding dropout layers which didn't help. I've also tried increasing the data, which made the results even worst.



I'm totally new to deep learning, if anyone has any suggestions to improve, please let me know.










share|improve this question



















  • 1





    Increasing validation loss is perfectly fine as long as accuracy keeps improving. Google about cross-entropy loss if it is not clear. I would try to remove class weights. Although it is unbalanced, you still have relatively large amount of samples for every class. Instead, I would shuffle data at the beginning of every epoch and try to train longer than 5 epochs. Maybe 50-100 epochs.

    – Vlad
    Mar 25 at 12:16











  • I added an EarlyStopping to stop training once the val_categorical_accuracy starts dropping. I managed to train up to 9epochs and then val_accuracy started to decrease and the training stopped at 0.76 accuracy. After testing on testing set it gave a similar accuracy. But the loss kept increasing after 4epochs.

    – stranger
    Mar 28 at 8:22


















2















Training and validation is healthy for 2 epochs but after 2-3 epochs the Val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing.



I'm trying to train a CNN model to classify a given review to a single class of 1-5. Therefore, I considered it as a multi-class classification.
I've divided the dataset to 3 sets - 70% training, 20% testing and 10% validation.



Distribution of training data for 5 classes as follows.



1 - 31613, 2 - 32527, 3 - 61044, 4 - 140005, 5 - 173023.



Therefore I've added class weights as follows.



1: 5.47, 2: 5.32, 3: 2.83, 4: 1.26, 5: 1



Model structure is as below.



input_layer = Input(shape=(max_length, ), dtype='int32')

embedding = Embedding(vocab_size, 200, input_length=max_length)(input_layer)

channel1 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=2, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel1 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel1)

channel2 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=3, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel2 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel2)

channel3 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=4, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel3 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel3)

merged = concatenate([channel1, channel2, channel3], axis=1)

merged = Dense(256, activation='relu')(merged)
merged = Dropout(0.6)(merged)
merged = Dense(5)(merged)
output = Activation('softmax')(merged)
model = Model(inputs=[input_layer], outputs=[output])

model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(final_X_train, final_Y_train, epochs=5, batch_size=512, validation_data=(final_X_val, final_Y_val), callbacks=callback, class_weight=class_weights)



1/5 - loss: 1.8733 - categorical_accuracy: 0.5892 - val_loss: 0.7749 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6558



2/5 - loss: 1.3908 - categorical_accuracy: 0.6917 - val_loss: 0.7421 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6784



3/5 - loss: 0.9587 - categorical_accuracy: 0.7734 - val_loss: 0.7595 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6947



4/5 - loss: 0.6402 - categorical_accuracy: 0.8370 - val_loss: 0.7921 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.7216



5/5 - loss: 0.4520 - categorical_accuracy: 0.8814 - val_loss: 0.8556 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.7331



Final accuracy = 0.7328754744261703



This seems to be an overfitting behavior, but I've tried adding dropout layers which didn't help. I've also tried increasing the data, which made the results even worst.



I'm totally new to deep learning, if anyone has any suggestions to improve, please let me know.










share|improve this question



















  • 1





    Increasing validation loss is perfectly fine as long as accuracy keeps improving. Google about cross-entropy loss if it is not clear. I would try to remove class weights. Although it is unbalanced, you still have relatively large amount of samples for every class. Instead, I would shuffle data at the beginning of every epoch and try to train longer than 5 epochs. Maybe 50-100 epochs.

    – Vlad
    Mar 25 at 12:16











  • I added an EarlyStopping to stop training once the val_categorical_accuracy starts dropping. I managed to train up to 9epochs and then val_accuracy started to decrease and the training stopped at 0.76 accuracy. After testing on testing set it gave a similar accuracy. But the loss kept increasing after 4epochs.

    – stranger
    Mar 28 at 8:22














2












2








2


1






Training and validation is healthy for 2 epochs but after 2-3 epochs the Val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing.



I'm trying to train a CNN model to classify a given review to a single class of 1-5. Therefore, I considered it as a multi-class classification.
I've divided the dataset to 3 sets - 70% training, 20% testing and 10% validation.



Distribution of training data for 5 classes as follows.



1 - 31613, 2 - 32527, 3 - 61044, 4 - 140005, 5 - 173023.



Therefore I've added class weights as follows.



1: 5.47, 2: 5.32, 3: 2.83, 4: 1.26, 5: 1



Model structure is as below.



input_layer = Input(shape=(max_length, ), dtype='int32')

embedding = Embedding(vocab_size, 200, input_length=max_length)(input_layer)

channel1 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=2, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel1 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel1)

channel2 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=3, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel2 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel2)

channel3 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=4, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel3 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel3)

merged = concatenate([channel1, channel2, channel3], axis=1)

merged = Dense(256, activation='relu')(merged)
merged = Dropout(0.6)(merged)
merged = Dense(5)(merged)
output = Activation('softmax')(merged)
model = Model(inputs=[input_layer], outputs=[output])

model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(final_X_train, final_Y_train, epochs=5, batch_size=512, validation_data=(final_X_val, final_Y_val), callbacks=callback, class_weight=class_weights)



1/5 - loss: 1.8733 - categorical_accuracy: 0.5892 - val_loss: 0.7749 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6558



2/5 - loss: 1.3908 - categorical_accuracy: 0.6917 - val_loss: 0.7421 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6784



3/5 - loss: 0.9587 - categorical_accuracy: 0.7734 - val_loss: 0.7595 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6947



4/5 - loss: 0.6402 - categorical_accuracy: 0.8370 - val_loss: 0.7921 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.7216



5/5 - loss: 0.4520 - categorical_accuracy: 0.8814 - val_loss: 0.8556 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.7331



Final accuracy = 0.7328754744261703



This seems to be an overfitting behavior, but I've tried adding dropout layers which didn't help. I've also tried increasing the data, which made the results even worst.



I'm totally new to deep learning, if anyone has any suggestions to improve, please let me know.










share|improve this question
















Training and validation is healthy for 2 epochs but after 2-3 epochs the Val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing.



I'm trying to train a CNN model to classify a given review to a single class of 1-5. Therefore, I considered it as a multi-class classification.
I've divided the dataset to 3 sets - 70% training, 20% testing and 10% validation.



Distribution of training data for 5 classes as follows.



1 - 31613, 2 - 32527, 3 - 61044, 4 - 140005, 5 - 173023.



Therefore I've added class weights as follows.



1: 5.47, 2: 5.32, 3: 2.83, 4: 1.26, 5: 1



Model structure is as below.



input_layer = Input(shape=(max_length, ), dtype='int32')

embedding = Embedding(vocab_size, 200, input_length=max_length)(input_layer)

channel1 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=2, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel1 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel1)

channel2 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=3, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel2 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel2)

channel3 = Conv1D(filters=100, kernel_size=4, padding='valid', activation='relu', strides=1)(embedding)
channel3 = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(channel3)

merged = concatenate([channel1, channel2, channel3], axis=1)

merged = Dense(256, activation='relu')(merged)
merged = Dropout(0.6)(merged)
merged = Dense(5)(merged)
output = Activation('softmax')(merged)
model = Model(inputs=[input_layer], outputs=[output])

model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(final_X_train, final_Y_train, epochs=5, batch_size=512, validation_data=(final_X_val, final_Y_val), callbacks=callback, class_weight=class_weights)



1/5 - loss: 1.8733 - categorical_accuracy: 0.5892 - val_loss: 0.7749 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6558



2/5 - loss: 1.3908 - categorical_accuracy: 0.6917 - val_loss: 0.7421 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6784



3/5 - loss: 0.9587 - categorical_accuracy: 0.7734 - val_loss: 0.7595 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.6947



4/5 - loss: 0.6402 - categorical_accuracy: 0.8370 - val_loss: 0.7921 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.7216



5/5 - loss: 0.4520 - categorical_accuracy: 0.8814 - val_loss: 0.8556 - val_categorical_accuracy: 0.7331



Final accuracy = 0.7328754744261703



This seems to be an overfitting behavior, but I've tried adding dropout layers which didn't help. I've also tried increasing the data, which made the results even worst.



I'm totally new to deep learning, if anyone has any suggestions to improve, please let me know.







python tensorflow deep-learning classification multilabel-classification






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Mar 24 at 4:05







stranger

















asked Mar 24 at 3:49









strangerstranger

157




157







  • 1





    Increasing validation loss is perfectly fine as long as accuracy keeps improving. Google about cross-entropy loss if it is not clear. I would try to remove class weights. Although it is unbalanced, you still have relatively large amount of samples for every class. Instead, I would shuffle data at the beginning of every epoch and try to train longer than 5 epochs. Maybe 50-100 epochs.

    – Vlad
    Mar 25 at 12:16











  • I added an EarlyStopping to stop training once the val_categorical_accuracy starts dropping. I managed to train up to 9epochs and then val_accuracy started to decrease and the training stopped at 0.76 accuracy. After testing on testing set it gave a similar accuracy. But the loss kept increasing after 4epochs.

    – stranger
    Mar 28 at 8:22













  • 1





    Increasing validation loss is perfectly fine as long as accuracy keeps improving. Google about cross-entropy loss if it is not clear. I would try to remove class weights. Although it is unbalanced, you still have relatively large amount of samples for every class. Instead, I would shuffle data at the beginning of every epoch and try to train longer than 5 epochs. Maybe 50-100 epochs.

    – Vlad
    Mar 25 at 12:16











  • I added an EarlyStopping to stop training once the val_categorical_accuracy starts dropping. I managed to train up to 9epochs and then val_accuracy started to decrease and the training stopped at 0.76 accuracy. After testing on testing set it gave a similar accuracy. But the loss kept increasing after 4epochs.

    – stranger
    Mar 28 at 8:22








1




1





Increasing validation loss is perfectly fine as long as accuracy keeps improving. Google about cross-entropy loss if it is not clear. I would try to remove class weights. Although it is unbalanced, you still have relatively large amount of samples for every class. Instead, I would shuffle data at the beginning of every epoch and try to train longer than 5 epochs. Maybe 50-100 epochs.

– Vlad
Mar 25 at 12:16





Increasing validation loss is perfectly fine as long as accuracy keeps improving. Google about cross-entropy loss if it is not clear. I would try to remove class weights. Although it is unbalanced, you still have relatively large amount of samples for every class. Instead, I would shuffle data at the beginning of every epoch and try to train longer than 5 epochs. Maybe 50-100 epochs.

– Vlad
Mar 25 at 12:16













I added an EarlyStopping to stop training once the val_categorical_accuracy starts dropping. I managed to train up to 9epochs and then val_accuracy started to decrease and the training stopped at 0.76 accuracy. After testing on testing set it gave a similar accuracy. But the loss kept increasing after 4epochs.

– stranger
Mar 28 at 8:22






I added an EarlyStopping to stop training once the val_categorical_accuracy starts dropping. I managed to train up to 9epochs and then val_accuracy started to decrease and the training stopped at 0.76 accuracy. After testing on testing set it gave a similar accuracy. But the loss kept increasing after 4epochs.

– stranger
Mar 28 at 8:22













1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















1














val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing This is maybe because of the loss function...loss function is being calculated using actual predicted probabilities while accuracy is being calculated using one hot vectors.



Let's take your 4-class example. For one of the review true class is, say 1. The predicted probabilities by the system are [0.25, 0.30, 0.25, 0.2]. According to categorical_accuracy your output is correct i.e [0, 1, 0, 0] but since your probability mass is so distributed...categorical_crossentropy will give a high loss as well.



As for the overfitting problem. I am not really sure why introducing more data is causing problems.



Try increasing the strides.
Don't make the data more imbalanced by adding data to any particular class.






share|improve this answer























  • I still have a doubt in selecting the best loss function for my scenario. I expect one output which should be a class from 1 to 5. Do you think using categorical_crossentropy is the best or maybe using mean_squared_error because I always use argmax to take the class with the highest probability in categorical_crossentropy ignoring the rest of the classes with low probabilities?

    – stranger
    Mar 27 at 7:15







  • 1





    mean_squared_error is not recommended in multi-class classification problems. I think you should use categorical_crossentropy only. You should read up about more combinations of activation and loss functions recommended for multi-class classifications(single and multi-label).

    – ashutosh singh
    Mar 27 at 9:02











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1 Answer
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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









1














val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing This is maybe because of the loss function...loss function is being calculated using actual predicted probabilities while accuracy is being calculated using one hot vectors.



Let's take your 4-class example. For one of the review true class is, say 1. The predicted probabilities by the system are [0.25, 0.30, 0.25, 0.2]. According to categorical_accuracy your output is correct i.e [0, 1, 0, 0] but since your probability mass is so distributed...categorical_crossentropy will give a high loss as well.



As for the overfitting problem. I am not really sure why introducing more data is causing problems.



Try increasing the strides.
Don't make the data more imbalanced by adding data to any particular class.






share|improve this answer























  • I still have a doubt in selecting the best loss function for my scenario. I expect one output which should be a class from 1 to 5. Do you think using categorical_crossentropy is the best or maybe using mean_squared_error because I always use argmax to take the class with the highest probability in categorical_crossentropy ignoring the rest of the classes with low probabilities?

    – stranger
    Mar 27 at 7:15







  • 1





    mean_squared_error is not recommended in multi-class classification problems. I think you should use categorical_crossentropy only. You should read up about more combinations of activation and loss functions recommended for multi-class classifications(single and multi-label).

    – ashutosh singh
    Mar 27 at 9:02















1














val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing This is maybe because of the loss function...loss function is being calculated using actual predicted probabilities while accuracy is being calculated using one hot vectors.



Let's take your 4-class example. For one of the review true class is, say 1. The predicted probabilities by the system are [0.25, 0.30, 0.25, 0.2]. According to categorical_accuracy your output is correct i.e [0, 1, 0, 0] but since your probability mass is so distributed...categorical_crossentropy will give a high loss as well.



As for the overfitting problem. I am not really sure why introducing more data is causing problems.



Try increasing the strides.
Don't make the data more imbalanced by adding data to any particular class.






share|improve this answer























  • I still have a doubt in selecting the best loss function for my scenario. I expect one output which should be a class from 1 to 5. Do you think using categorical_crossentropy is the best or maybe using mean_squared_error because I always use argmax to take the class with the highest probability in categorical_crossentropy ignoring the rest of the classes with low probabilities?

    – stranger
    Mar 27 at 7:15







  • 1





    mean_squared_error is not recommended in multi-class classification problems. I think you should use categorical_crossentropy only. You should read up about more combinations of activation and loss functions recommended for multi-class classifications(single and multi-label).

    – ashutosh singh
    Mar 27 at 9:02













1












1








1







val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing This is maybe because of the loss function...loss function is being calculated using actual predicted probabilities while accuracy is being calculated using one hot vectors.



Let's take your 4-class example. For one of the review true class is, say 1. The predicted probabilities by the system are [0.25, 0.30, 0.25, 0.2]. According to categorical_accuracy your output is correct i.e [0, 1, 0, 0] but since your probability mass is so distributed...categorical_crossentropy will give a high loss as well.



As for the overfitting problem. I am not really sure why introducing more data is causing problems.



Try increasing the strides.
Don't make the data more imbalanced by adding data to any particular class.






share|improve this answer













val_loss keeps increasing while the Val_acc keeps increasing This is maybe because of the loss function...loss function is being calculated using actual predicted probabilities while accuracy is being calculated using one hot vectors.



Let's take your 4-class example. For one of the review true class is, say 1. The predicted probabilities by the system are [0.25, 0.30, 0.25, 0.2]. According to categorical_accuracy your output is correct i.e [0, 1, 0, 0] but since your probability mass is so distributed...categorical_crossentropy will give a high loss as well.



As for the overfitting problem. I am not really sure why introducing more data is causing problems.



Try increasing the strides.
Don't make the data more imbalanced by adding data to any particular class.







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Mar 25 at 11:39









ashutosh singhashutosh singh

976




976












  • I still have a doubt in selecting the best loss function for my scenario. I expect one output which should be a class from 1 to 5. Do you think using categorical_crossentropy is the best or maybe using mean_squared_error because I always use argmax to take the class with the highest probability in categorical_crossentropy ignoring the rest of the classes with low probabilities?

    – stranger
    Mar 27 at 7:15







  • 1





    mean_squared_error is not recommended in multi-class classification problems. I think you should use categorical_crossentropy only. You should read up about more combinations of activation and loss functions recommended for multi-class classifications(single and multi-label).

    – ashutosh singh
    Mar 27 at 9:02

















  • I still have a doubt in selecting the best loss function for my scenario. I expect one output which should be a class from 1 to 5. Do you think using categorical_crossentropy is the best or maybe using mean_squared_error because I always use argmax to take the class with the highest probability in categorical_crossentropy ignoring the rest of the classes with low probabilities?

    – stranger
    Mar 27 at 7:15







  • 1





    mean_squared_error is not recommended in multi-class classification problems. I think you should use categorical_crossentropy only. You should read up about more combinations of activation and loss functions recommended for multi-class classifications(single and multi-label).

    – ashutosh singh
    Mar 27 at 9:02
















I still have a doubt in selecting the best loss function for my scenario. I expect one output which should be a class from 1 to 5. Do you think using categorical_crossentropy is the best or maybe using mean_squared_error because I always use argmax to take the class with the highest probability in categorical_crossentropy ignoring the rest of the classes with low probabilities?

– stranger
Mar 27 at 7:15






I still have a doubt in selecting the best loss function for my scenario. I expect one output which should be a class from 1 to 5. Do you think using categorical_crossentropy is the best or maybe using mean_squared_error because I always use argmax to take the class with the highest probability in categorical_crossentropy ignoring the rest of the classes with low probabilities?

– stranger
Mar 27 at 7:15





1




1





mean_squared_error is not recommended in multi-class classification problems. I think you should use categorical_crossentropy only. You should read up about more combinations of activation and loss functions recommended for multi-class classifications(single and multi-label).

– ashutosh singh
Mar 27 at 9:02





mean_squared_error is not recommended in multi-class classification problems. I think you should use categorical_crossentropy only. You should read up about more combinations of activation and loss functions recommended for multi-class classifications(single and multi-label).

– ashutosh singh
Mar 27 at 9:02



















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