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What happens if you add a copybook to linkage section instead of adding it to a working-storage section in a sub-program?
Adding a field to an existing COBOL data filenot able to add decimals in the loop after reading it from the fileCICS EXCI Transaction CSMI abend ASRAHow to use file descriptions in cobol?Does the whole linkage section return?Executable program requested but PROCEDURE/ENTRY has USING clauseHandling multiple containers over one pipe in CICS web service call from COBOLHow to use LINKAGE SECTION and WORKING-STORAGE SECTION in the same file?Passing Arrays using POINTERS in CBLLEInitialize variable-length in Cobol
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What happens if you add a copybook to linkage section instead of adding it to a working-storage section in a sub-program?
cobol
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What happens if you add a copybook to linkage section instead of adding it to a working-storage section in a sub-program?
cobol
edited Mar 25 at 18:42
zarchasmpgmr
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asked Mar 25 at 13:31
Ganesh kGanesh k
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What happens if you add a copybook to linkage section instead of adding it to a working-storage section in a sub-program?
cobol
edited Mar 25 at 18:42
zarchasmpgmr
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asked Mar 25 at 13:31
Ganesh kGanesh k
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What happens if you add a copybook to linkage section instead of adding it to a working-storage section in a sub-program?
cobol
cobol
edited Mar 25 at 18:42
zarchasmpgmr
1,2588 silver badges18 bronze badges
asked Mar 25 at 13:31
Ganesh kGanesh k
261 bronze badge
edited Mar 25 at 18:42
zarchasmpgmr
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asked Mar 25 at 13:31
Ganesh kGanesh k
261 bronze badge
edited Mar 25 at 18:42
zarchasmpgmr
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edited Mar 25 at 18:42
zarchasmpgmr
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edited Mar 25 at 18:42
zarchasmpgmr
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1,2588 silver badges18 bronze badges
asked Mar 25 at 13:31
Ganesh kGanesh k
261 bronze badge
asked Mar 25 at 13:31
Ganesh kGanesh k
261 bronze badge
asked Mar 25 at 13:31
Ganesh kGanesh k
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261 bronze badge
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2 Answers
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This is a common practice. Having a copybook that can be used in the Working-Storage or Local-Storage Section of a calling program and the Linkage Section of the program being called ensures the parameters on the CALL match.
As noted in another answer, no storage is allocated for a copybook in the Linkage Section. This is no different than any other variables described there. If you want addressability to variables defined in the Linkage Section, you must include them in the USING phrase of your Procedure Division, which allows the calling parameters to be matched with variables described in the Linkage Section -or- you must dynamically allocate storage of sufficient size to accommodate these variables and use SET ADDRESS OF linkage-section-item TO pointer-to-allocated-storage. Probably the most portable method to allocate storage in COBOL is the ALLOCATE statement if your compiler supports it. With IBM Enterprise COBOL storage can be allocated via the Language Environment callable service CEEGTST, Micro Focus has CBL_ALLOC_MEM, some compilers and environments support directly callin C functions so you could use malloc() there.
COBOL (and C, et. al.) compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters. At run time the Linkage Section variables in the called program are mapped to the addresses of the variables on the CALL statement in the calling program.
As noted in a comment by @SimonSobisch, there has been some work done in the COBOL standard to enforce type-safety on CALLs via prototypes. Not all COBOL compilers support this.
If you have a copybook in which calling parameters for a subroutine are defines, and use the same copybook in the Working-Storage section of the calling program and the Linkage Section of the program it calls, then changes to the definition of the parameters need only be done in one place (the copybook), and hopefully your source code management system will force recompilation of both the caller and the called program, ensuring there is no parameter mismatch.
answered Mar 25 at 14:14
cschneidcschneid
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
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"COBOL compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters." COBOL 2002 has program-prototypes that do exactly this, doesn't it? And it specifies checks that (if the compiler supports it) will be done at run-time to verify the parameters match by type and size (and by actually being passed). I suggest to update your good answer that gives the main point of WS/LS->PROCEDURE DIVISION USING, along with ways to allocate storage (No idea of GETMAIN but a CALL to C$MALLOC, CBL_..., and the standardALLOCATEstatement should work).
– Simon Sobisch
Mar 25 at 16:20
add a comment |
The storage will not be allocated when running the program. You will need to gain addressability to it, either by having a program call the sub-program with the copybook as one of the parameters AND specifying the copybook in the PROCEDURE DIVISION USING...
Alternatively you can use a GETMAIN command (like EXEC CICS GETMAIN, if you are in CICS) to allocate some storage, and then set the address of the copybook to the resulting pointer.
If you try to assign values to the copybook without doing either, you will get abends, probably S0C4 (Protection Exception).
answered Mar 25 at 13:54
JamesJames
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add a comment |
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2 Answers
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This is a common practice. Having a copybook that can be used in the Working-Storage or Local-Storage Section of a calling program and the Linkage Section of the program being called ensures the parameters on the CALL match.
As noted in another answer, no storage is allocated for a copybook in the Linkage Section. This is no different than any other variables described there. If you want addressability to variables defined in the Linkage Section, you must include them in the USING phrase of your Procedure Division, which allows the calling parameters to be matched with variables described in the Linkage Section -or- you must dynamically allocate storage of sufficient size to accommodate these variables and use SET ADDRESS OF linkage-section-item TO pointer-to-allocated-storage. Probably the most portable method to allocate storage in COBOL is the ALLOCATE statement if your compiler supports it. With IBM Enterprise COBOL storage can be allocated via the Language Environment callable service CEEGTST, Micro Focus has CBL_ALLOC_MEM, some compilers and environments support directly callin C functions so you could use malloc() there.
COBOL (and C, et. al.) compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters. At run time the Linkage Section variables in the called program are mapped to the addresses of the variables on the CALL statement in the calling program.
As noted in a comment by @SimonSobisch, there has been some work done in the COBOL standard to enforce type-safety on CALLs via prototypes. Not all COBOL compilers support this.
If you have a copybook in which calling parameters for a subroutine are defines, and use the same copybook in the Working-Storage section of the calling program and the Linkage Section of the program it calls, then changes to the definition of the parameters need only be done in one place (the copybook), and hopefully your source code management system will force recompilation of both the caller and the called program, ensuring there is no parameter mismatch.
answered Mar 25 at 14:14
cschneidcschneid
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
1
"COBOL compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters." COBOL 2002 has program-prototypes that do exactly this, doesn't it? And it specifies checks that (if the compiler supports it) will be done at run-time to verify the parameters match by type and size (and by actually being passed). I suggest to update your good answer that gives the main point of WS/LS->PROCEDURE DIVISION USING, along with ways to allocate storage (No idea of GETMAIN but a CALL to C$MALLOC, CBL_..., and the standardALLOCATEstatement should work).
– Simon Sobisch
Mar 25 at 16:20
add a comment |
This is a common practice. Having a copybook that can be used in the Working-Storage or Local-Storage Section of a calling program and the Linkage Section of the program being called ensures the parameters on the CALL match.
As noted in another answer, no storage is allocated for a copybook in the Linkage Section. This is no different than any other variables described there. If you want addressability to variables defined in the Linkage Section, you must include them in the USING phrase of your Procedure Division, which allows the calling parameters to be matched with variables described in the Linkage Section -or- you must dynamically allocate storage of sufficient size to accommodate these variables and use SET ADDRESS OF linkage-section-item TO pointer-to-allocated-storage. Probably the most portable method to allocate storage in COBOL is the ALLOCATE statement if your compiler supports it. With IBM Enterprise COBOL storage can be allocated via the Language Environment callable service CEEGTST, Micro Focus has CBL_ALLOC_MEM, some compilers and environments support directly callin C functions so you could use malloc() there.
COBOL (and C, et. al.) compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters. At run time the Linkage Section variables in the called program are mapped to the addresses of the variables on the CALL statement in the calling program.
As noted in a comment by @SimonSobisch, there has been some work done in the COBOL standard to enforce type-safety on CALLs via prototypes. Not all COBOL compilers support this.
If you have a copybook in which calling parameters for a subroutine are defines, and use the same copybook in the Working-Storage section of the calling program and the Linkage Section of the program it calls, then changes to the definition of the parameters need only be done in one place (the copybook), and hopefully your source code management system will force recompilation of both the caller and the called program, ensuring there is no parameter mismatch.
answered Mar 25 at 14:14
cschneidcschneid
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
1
"COBOL compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters." COBOL 2002 has program-prototypes that do exactly this, doesn't it? And it specifies checks that (if the compiler supports it) will be done at run-time to verify the parameters match by type and size (and by actually being passed). I suggest to update your good answer that gives the main point of WS/LS->PROCEDURE DIVISION USING, along with ways to allocate storage (No idea of GETMAIN but a CALL to C$MALLOC, CBL_..., and the standardALLOCATEstatement should work).
– Simon Sobisch
Mar 25 at 16:20
add a comment |
This is a common practice. Having a copybook that can be used in the Working-Storage or Local-Storage Section of a calling program and the Linkage Section of the program being called ensures the parameters on the CALL match.
As noted in another answer, no storage is allocated for a copybook in the Linkage Section. This is no different than any other variables described there. If you want addressability to variables defined in the Linkage Section, you must include them in the USING phrase of your Procedure Division, which allows the calling parameters to be matched with variables described in the Linkage Section -or- you must dynamically allocate storage of sufficient size to accommodate these variables and use SET ADDRESS OF linkage-section-item TO pointer-to-allocated-storage. Probably the most portable method to allocate storage in COBOL is the ALLOCATE statement if your compiler supports it. With IBM Enterprise COBOL storage can be allocated via the Language Environment callable service CEEGTST, Micro Focus has CBL_ALLOC_MEM, some compilers and environments support directly callin C functions so you could use malloc() there.
COBOL (and C, et. al.) compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters. At run time the Linkage Section variables in the called program are mapped to the addresses of the variables on the CALL statement in the calling program.
As noted in a comment by @SimonSobisch, there has been some work done in the COBOL standard to enforce type-safety on CALLs via prototypes. Not all COBOL compilers support this.
If you have a copybook in which calling parameters for a subroutine are defines, and use the same copybook in the Working-Storage section of the calling program and the Linkage Section of the program it calls, then changes to the definition of the parameters need only be done in one place (the copybook), and hopefully your source code management system will force recompilation of both the caller and the called program, ensuring there is no parameter mismatch.
answered Mar 25 at 14:14
cschneidcschneid
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
This is a common practice. Having a copybook that can be used in the Working-Storage or Local-Storage Section of a calling program and the Linkage Section of the program being called ensures the parameters on the CALL match.
As noted in another answer, no storage is allocated for a copybook in the Linkage Section. This is no different than any other variables described there. If you want addressability to variables defined in the Linkage Section, you must include them in the USING phrase of your Procedure Division, which allows the calling parameters to be matched with variables described in the Linkage Section -or- you must dynamically allocate storage of sufficient size to accommodate these variables and use SET ADDRESS OF linkage-section-item TO pointer-to-allocated-storage. Probably the most portable method to allocate storage in COBOL is the ALLOCATE statement if your compiler supports it. With IBM Enterprise COBOL storage can be allocated via the Language Environment callable service CEEGTST, Micro Focus has CBL_ALLOC_MEM, some compilers and environments support directly callin C functions so you could use malloc() there.
COBOL (and C, et. al.) compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters. At run time the Linkage Section variables in the called program are mapped to the addresses of the variables on the CALL statement in the calling program.
As noted in a comment by @SimonSobisch, there has been some work done in the COBOL standard to enforce type-safety on CALLs via prototypes. Not all COBOL compilers support this.
If you have a copybook in which calling parameters for a subroutine are defines, and use the same copybook in the Working-Storage section of the calling program and the Linkage Section of the program it calls, then changes to the definition of the parameters need only be done in one place (the copybook), and hopefully your source code management system will force recompilation of both the caller and the called program, ensuring there is no parameter mismatch.
answered Mar 25 at 14:14
cschneidcschneid
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
edited Mar 25 at 19:34
answered Mar 25 at 14:14
cschneidcschneid
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
answered Mar 25 at 14:14
cschneidcschneid
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
answered Mar 25 at 14:14
cschneidcschneid
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
7,5591 gold badge20 silver badges28 bronze badges
1
"COBOL compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters." COBOL 2002 has program-prototypes that do exactly this, doesn't it? And it specifies checks that (if the compiler supports it) will be done at run-time to verify the parameters match by type and size (and by actually being passed). I suggest to update your good answer that gives the main point of WS/LS->PROCEDURE DIVISION USING, along with ways to allocate storage (No idea of GETMAIN but a CALL to C$MALLOC, CBL_..., and the standardALLOCATEstatement should work).
– Simon Sobisch
Mar 25 at 16:20
add a comment |
1
"COBOL compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters." COBOL 2002 has program-prototypes that do exactly this, doesn't it? And it specifies checks that (if the compiler supports it) will be done at run-time to verify the parameters match by type and size (and by actually being passed). I suggest to update your good answer that gives the main point of WS/LS->PROCEDURE DIVISION USING, along with ways to allocate storage (No idea of GETMAIN but a CALL to C$MALLOC, CBL_..., and the standardALLOCATEstatement should work).
– Simon Sobisch
Mar 25 at 16:20
1
1
"COBOL compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters." COBOL 2002 has program-prototypes that do exactly this, doesn't it? And it specifies checks that (if the compiler supports it) will be done at run-time to verify the parameters match by type and size (and by actually being passed). I suggest to update your good answer that gives the main point of WS/LS->
PROCEDURE DIVISION USING, along with ways to allocate storage (No idea of GETMAIN but a CALL to C$MALLOC, CBL_..., and the standard ALLOCATE statement should work).– Simon Sobisch
Mar 25 at 16:20
"COBOL compilers do not enforce type-safety for passed parameters." COBOL 2002 has program-prototypes that do exactly this, doesn't it? And it specifies checks that (if the compiler supports it) will be done at run-time to verify the parameters match by type and size (and by actually being passed). I suggest to update your good answer that gives the main point of WS/LS->
PROCEDURE DIVISION USING, along with ways to allocate storage (No idea of GETMAIN but a CALL to C$MALLOC, CBL_..., and the standard ALLOCATE statement should work).– Simon Sobisch
Mar 25 at 16:20
add a comment |
The storage will not be allocated when running the program. You will need to gain addressability to it, either by having a program call the sub-program with the copybook as one of the parameters AND specifying the copybook in the PROCEDURE DIVISION USING...
Alternatively you can use a GETMAIN command (like EXEC CICS GETMAIN, if you are in CICS) to allocate some storage, and then set the address of the copybook to the resulting pointer.
If you try to assign values to the copybook without doing either, you will get abends, probably S0C4 (Protection Exception).
answered Mar 25 at 13:54
JamesJames
3012 silver badges9 bronze badges
add a comment |
The storage will not be allocated when running the program. You will need to gain addressability to it, either by having a program call the sub-program with the copybook as one of the parameters AND specifying the copybook in the PROCEDURE DIVISION USING...
Alternatively you can use a GETMAIN command (like EXEC CICS GETMAIN, if you are in CICS) to allocate some storage, and then set the address of the copybook to the resulting pointer.
If you try to assign values to the copybook without doing either, you will get abends, probably S0C4 (Protection Exception).
answered Mar 25 at 13:54
JamesJames
3012 silver badges9 bronze badges
add a comment |
The storage will not be allocated when running the program. You will need to gain addressability to it, either by having a program call the sub-program with the copybook as one of the parameters AND specifying the copybook in the PROCEDURE DIVISION USING...
Alternatively you can use a GETMAIN command (like EXEC CICS GETMAIN, if you are in CICS) to allocate some storage, and then set the address of the copybook to the resulting pointer.
If you try to assign values to the copybook without doing either, you will get abends, probably S0C4 (Protection Exception).
answered Mar 25 at 13:54
JamesJames
3012 silver badges9 bronze badges
The storage will not be allocated when running the program. You will need to gain addressability to it, either by having a program call the sub-program with the copybook as one of the parameters AND specifying the copybook in the PROCEDURE DIVISION USING...
Alternatively you can use a GETMAIN command (like EXEC CICS GETMAIN, if you are in CICS) to allocate some storage, and then set the address of the copybook to the resulting pointer.
If you try to assign values to the copybook without doing either, you will get abends, probably S0C4 (Protection Exception).
answered Mar 25 at 13:54
JamesJames
3012 silver badges9 bronze badges
answered Mar 25 at 13:54
JamesJames
3012 silver badges9 bronze badges
answered Mar 25 at 13:54
JamesJames
3012 silver badges9 bronze badges
answered Mar 25 at 13:54
JamesJames
3012 silver badges9 bronze badges
3012 silver badges9 bronze badges
add a comment |
add a comment |
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