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진성 반도체 목차 특징 같이 보기 둘러보기 메뉴eh

P형 반도체N형 반도체진성 반도체불순물 반도체집적회로마이크로프로세서반도체 메모리TTL 논리 소자사이리스터접합형 트랜지스터전계효과 트랜지스터전력 MOSFET박막 트랜지스터CMOS증폭 회로PN 접합공핍층쇼트키 접합MOS 접합니시자와 준이치금속절연체


반도체전자기학응집물질물리학


반도체도펀트도핑양공전도띠원자가띠페르미 준위띠틈전자양공유효질량불순물 산란이동도2차원 전자 가스HEMT












진성 반도체




위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.






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진성반도체(영어: intrinsic semiconductor)란 불순물을 첨가하지 않은 순수한 반도체를 뜻한다. 영어 머릿글자로부터 I형 반도체라고도 한다.




목차





  • 1 특징

    • 1.1 캐리어 밀도


    • 1.2 페르미 준위


    • 1.3 캐리어 이동도



  • 2 같이 보기




특징



캐리어 밀도


도핑된 경우는 도펀트의 밀도로 정해지는 캐리어 밀도이지만, 진성 반도체는 불순물 밀도가 아니고 재질자체가 캐리어 밀도를 결정한다. 이 캐리어 밀도를 진성 캐리어 밀도 (nidisplaystyle n_i)라고 한다. 이 진성 캐리어 밀도는 매우 낮은 값 (～1010 /cm3)이다. 이것은 일반적인 도핑으로 얻을 수 있는 캐리어 밀도보다 약 10 자리수만큼 낮은값이기 때문에 일반적인 반도체를 사용하는 경우는 도핑을 하는 경우가 많다.


진성 반도체의 양공 밀도 pdisplaystyle p와 전자 밀도 ndisplaystyle n는 n=p=ni=NCNVdisplaystyle n=p=n_i=sqrt N_CN_V의 관계가 성립된다. (NCdisplaystyle N_C는 전도띠 전자 밀도이고 NVdisplaystyle N_V는 원자가띠 양공 밀도임)



페르미 준위


도핑된 경우에 페르미 준위는 도너 준위나 억셉터 준위 근처에 존재하지만, 진성 반도체는 띠틈의 띠 중앙에 위치한다. 전도띠의 에너지를 ECdisplaystyle E_C, 원자가띠의 에너지를 EVdisplaystyle E_V, 전자와 양공의 유효질량을 medisplaystyle m_e, mhdisplaystyle m_h라고 했을 때 진성 반도체의 페르미 준위의 에너지 Eidisplaystyle E_i는


Ei=EC+EV2+12kTln⁡NVNC=EC+EV2+34kTln⁡mhmedisplaystyle E_i=E_C+E_V over 2+1 over 2kTln N_V over N_C=E_C+E_V over 2+3 over 4kTln m_h over m_e

의 형태로 표기된다.



캐리어 이동도


진성 반도체는 불순물의 도핑이 되지 않았기 때문에 캐리어는 이온화 불순물 산란의 영향을 받지 않는다. 그렇기에 도핑되었을 때와 비교해서 매우 빠른 이동도를 나타낸다. 하지만 이전에 말했듯이 진성 반도체는 캐리어 밀도가 매우 낮기 때문에 용도 또한 한정된다. 탄소구조에 의한 2차원 전자 가스 를 이용한 반도체소자 (예시 HEMT)가 있다.



같이 보기


  • N형 반도체

  • P형 반도체

  • 불순물 반도체









원본 주소 "https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=진성_반도체&oldid=20202389"










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