Aliphatic compound Contents Structure Properties Examples of aliphatic compounds / non-aromatic References Navigation menualiphatic compounds10.1351/goldbook.A0021700570883
Organic compounds
organic chemistryhydrocarbonscompoundscarbonhydrogenaromatic compoundscyclicbenzenesaturatedhexanehexenehexyneOpen-chain compoundssaturatedalkanesalkenesalkyneshydrogencarbon chainoxygennitrogensulfurchlorinemethaneflammablehydrocarbonsfuelmethaneBunsen burnersliquefied natural gasacetylenewelding
Aliphatic compound
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Acyclic aliphatic/non-aromatic compound (butane)
Cyclic aliphatic/non-aromatic compound (cyclobutane)
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil), also known as non-aromatic compounds. Aliphatics can be cyclic, but only aromatic compounds contain an especially stable ring of atoms, such as benzene.[1] Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds (whether straight or branched) contain no rings of any type, and are thus aliphatic.
Contents
1 Structure
2 Properties
3 Examples of aliphatic compounds / non-aromatic
4 References
Structure
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). Besides hydrogen, other elements can be bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine.
The least complex aliphatic compound is methane (CH4).
Properties
Most aliphatic compounds are flammable, allowing the use of hydrocarbons as fuel, such as methane in Bunsen burners and as liquefied natural gas (LNG), and acetylene in welding.
Examples of aliphatic compounds / non-aromatic
The most important aliphatic compounds are:
- n-, iso- and cyclo-alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
- n-, iso- and cyclo-alkenes and -alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).
Important examples of low-molecular aliphatic compounds can be found in the list below (sorted by the number of carbon-atoms):
| Formula | Name | Structural Formula | Chemical Classification |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4 | Methane |  | Alkane |
| C2H2 | Acetylene |  | Alkyne |
| C2H4 | Ethylene |  | Alkene |
| C2H6 | Ethane |  | Alkane |
| C3H4 | Propyne |  | Alkyne |
| C3H6 | Propene |  | Alkene |
| C3H8 | Propane |  | Alkane |
| C4H6 | 1,2-Butadiene |  | Diene |
| C4H6 | 1-Butyne |  | Alkyne |
| C4H8 | 1-Butene |  | Alkene |
| C4H10 | Butane |  | Alkane |
| C6H10 | Cyclohexene |  | Cycloalkene |
| C5H12 | n-pentane |  | Alkane |
| C7H14 | Cycloheptane |  | Cycloalkane |
| C7H14 | Methylcyclohexane |  | Cyclohexane |
| C8H8 | Cubane |  | Octane |
| C9H20 | Nonane |  | Alkane |
| C10H12 | Dicyclopentadiene |  | Diene, Cycloalkene |
| C10H16 | Phellandrene |   | Terpene, Diene Cycloalkene |
| C10H16 | α-Terpinene |  | Terpene, Cycloalkene, Diene |
| C10H16 | Limonene |   | Terpene, Diene, Cycloalkene |
| C11H24 | Undecane |  | Alkane |
| C30H50 | Squalene |  | Terpene, Polyene |
| C2nH4n | Polyethylene |  | Alkane |
References
^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (1995) "aliphatic compounds". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00217
Authority control  |
|
|---|
Categories:
- Organic compounds
(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function()mw.config.set("wgPageParseReport":"limitreport":"cputime":"0.224","walltime":"0.335","ppvisitednodes":"value":227,"limit":1000000,"ppgeneratednodes":"value":0,"limit":1500000,"postexpandincludesize":"value":4453,"limit":2097152,"templateargumentsize":"value":245,"limit":2097152,"expansiondepth":"value":11,"limit":40,"expensivefunctioncount":"value":1,"limit":500,"unstrip-depth":"value":0,"limit":20,"unstrip-size":"value":685,"limit":5000000,"entityaccesscount":"value":1,"limit":400,"timingprofile":["100.00% 191.325 1 -total"," 46.84% 89.619 1 Template:Authority_control"," 41.03% 78.493 1 Template:IPAc-en"," 9.74% 18.635 1 Template:GoldBookRef"," 7.86% 15.030 1 Template:Doi"," 4.05% 7.754 2 Template:Hide_in_print"," 2.28% 4.362 1 Template:Str_left"," 1.82% 3.484 1 Template:Only_in_print"],"scribunto":"limitreport-timeusage":"value":"0.081","limit":"10.000","limitreport-memusage":"value":1507647,"limit":52428800,"cachereport":"origin":"mw1240","timestamp":"20190320010456","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false);mw.config.set("wgBackendResponseTime":88,"wgHostname":"mw1329"););
