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Alifaatsed ühendid Viited | Vaata ka | Välislingid | NavigeerimismenüüOrgaaniline keemiaAliphatic compounds

Orgaanilised ühendid


orgaaniline ühendbenseenitsüklitalitsüklilised ühendidaromaatseteksküllastunudalkaanidheksaanhekseenkaksiksidemeidalkeenidalküünidvesinikuhapniklämmastikväävelkloormetaansüsivesinikkeBunseni põletitesvedelgaasinaatsetüleenikeevitusel










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Alifaatsed ühendid




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Atsükliline alifaatne ühend (butaan)



Tsükliline alifaatne ühend (tsüklobutaan)


Alifaatne ühend on orgaaniline ühend, mis ei sisalda benseenitsüklit ehk benseenituuma. Nende hulka kuuluvad atsüklilised ehk avatud ahelaga ühendid ja alitsüklilised ühendid ehk ühendid, mille struktuuris on mõni suletud ahel, kuid mitte benseenitsükkel.[1] Benseenitsüklit sisaldavaid ühendeid nimetatakse aromaatseteks.


Alifaatsed ühendid võivad olla küllastunud (alkaanid, nt heksaan) või küllastumata (nt hekseen), sisaldades kaksiksidemeid (alkeenid) või kolmiksidemeid (alküünid). Süsinikuahelaga võivad vesiniku asemel ühineda teised elemendid, millest kõige levinumad on hapnik, lämmastik, väävel ja kloor. Lihtsaim alifaatne ühend on metaan (CH4).


Enamik alifaatseid ühendeid põlevad, mistõttu saab süsivesinikke kasutada kütustena, nt metaani Bunseni põletites ja vedelgaasina või atsetüleeni keevitusel.



Viited |




  1. ↑ Mõnes eestikeelses allikas samastatakse alifaatsed ühendid atsüklilistega. (Nt Andres Talvari "Orgaaniline keemia" Tallinn: Sisekaitseakadeemia, 2006, lk 13.)




Vaata ka |


  • Aromaatsed ühendid

  • Alitsüklilised ühendid


Välislingid |



  • IUPAC "Compendium of Chemical Terminology", 2. trükk ("Gold Book"), 1997. Parandatud veebiversioon: "Aliphatic compounds", 1995.



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