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Alifatické sloučeninyAlifatické uhlovodíky


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Alifatická sloučenina




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Alifatické sloučeniny jsou organické sloučeniny, které jsou tvořeny atomy uhlíku propojenými do větvených nebo nevětvených řetězců a nejsou aromatické. Nejjednodušší alifatickou sloučeninou je methan (CH4). Alifatické sloučeniny mohou kromě uhlíku obsahovat vodík, kyslík, dusík, síru, halogeny a další prvky.



Alifatické uhlovodíky |


Alifatické uhlovodíky jsou alifatické (tedy nearomatické) sloučeniny tvořené pouze atomy uhlíku a vodíku. Mohou být nasycené (alkany) i nenasycené (alkeny, alkyny). Příkladem je methan, ethan, isobutan či acetylen.



Alicyklické uhlovodíky |


Alicyklické uhlovodíky jsou uhlovodíky s uzavřeným uhlíkovým řetězcem, které však nesplňují pravidla aromaticity. Pokud jsou nasycené, jedná se o cykloalkany, např. cyklopropan, cyklobutan, cyklopentan a cyklohexan. Jsou-li nenasycené, jedná se o cykloalkeny (cyklopenten, cyklopentadien...) nebo cykloalkyny (pokud mají alespoň jednu trojnou vazbu).



Související články |


  • Aromatické uhlovodíky

  • Alicyklické uhlovodíky




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