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Hidrocarbur alifàtic Referències Menú de navegacióAliphatic compounds00570883

Hidrocarburs


àtomsgreccarboniaromàticscompostos aromàticsmetàCHalcansparafinahidrocarbursalquensetilèalquinsacetilèàcids grassosgrup carboxil












Hidrocarbur alifàtic




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Infotaula de compost químicHidrocarbur alifàtic
Substància
classe estructural de compostos químics
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Compost acíclic alifàtic: el butà




Compost cíclic alifàtic: elciclobutà


Els compostos alifàtics o hidrocarburs alifàtics són compostos en què els àtoms de carboni són parells i s'uneixen en cadenes obertes, que poden ser lineals o ramificades.


El terme «alifàtic» prové del grec: aleiphar ('greix', 'oli'). Es tracta de compostos de carboni acíclics (de cadena oberta) o cíclics (de cadena cíclica) no aromàtics.[1]


Per tant, els compostos alifàtics s'oposen als compostos aromàtics.


El compost alifàtic més simple és el metà (CH4). Els compostos alifàtics inclouen els alcans (per exemple la parafina, hidrocarburs), alquens (per exemple l’etilè) i alquins (per exemple l'acetilè). Els àcids grassos consten de cues alifàtiques sense embrancar unides a un grup carboxil.



Referències



  1. ↑ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2a ed. ("The Gold Book") (1997). Versió corregida en línia:  (1995) "Aliphatic compounds" (en anglès).












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