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Organikaj kombinaĵoj


organika kemiokarbonohidrogenoaromataj kombinaĵojalkanojalkenoalkinojoksigenoazotosulfuroklorometanoCHalkanojngrasacidojnparafinonhidrokarbidojnalkenojnetenonalkinojnetinonflamiĝemajEtenoIzobutanoEtino










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Alifataj kombinaĵoj




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Alifataj kunmetaĵoj, aŭ prefereble alifataj kombinaĵoj, en organika kemio estas klaso de kombinaĵoj de karbono kaj hidrogeno: fakte tiuj kombonaĵoj divideblas laŭ du klasoj: la aromataj kombinaĵoj kies simbolo estas Ar, kaj la 'alifataj kombinaĵoj' kies simbolo estas R. En la alifataj kombinaĵoj, la atomoj de karbono povas sin ligi konstruiĝante laŭ liniaj ĉenoj, branĉoformaj aŭ ringoformaj.


Povas realiĝi ligoj unuopaj (alkanoj aŭ saturitaĵoj), duoblaj (alkeno), kaj triplaj (alkinoj). Krom hidrogeno, aliaj kemiaj elementoj povas ligiĝi al la ĉeno de karbono, la plej komunaj estas oksigeno, azoto, sulfuro kaj kloro.


Kutime oni indikas per serio alifata, serio grasa aŭ serio necikla la tutan klason de alifataj kombinaĵoj laŭĉene malfermitaj.


La plej simplaj alifataj kombinaĵoj estas la metano(CH4).


Inter la alifataj kombinaĵoj oni klasifigas la alkanojn (la grasacidojn kaj la parafinon), hidrokarbidojn, la alkenojn (la etenon) kaj la alkinojn (etinon)


La plej granda parto da alifataj kombinaĵoj estas flamiĝemaj.



Ekzemploj |





  • Eteno







  • Izobutano







  • Etino





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