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Using ls in Linux to show directories only

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.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;

I'm getting myself familiar with Linux (Debian 9). However I managed to get myself confused with the ls command manual. I made up the following trivial setting for testing:

meouser:~/triv_dir$ ls -laR
.:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:41 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 6 Mar 27 15:44 c
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 6 Mar 27 15:44 d

./a:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 aa
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 ab
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_1
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_2

./a/a_sub_1:
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:55 aaa

./a/a_sub_2:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 ..

./b:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 ba
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 bb

I would like to see all the directory names and their subdirectories, but not the filenames. That is, I want something like ls --insert-options-here so that the output is this subset from above:

.:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:41 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 b

./a:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_1
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_2

According to ls manual that should be achieved by ls -ldR.

meouser:~/triv_dir$ man ls

 -a, --all
 do not ignore entries starting with .

 -d, --directory
 list directories themselves, not their contents

 -l use a long listing format

 -R, --recursive
 list subdirectories recursively

But this is what happens instead: only the '.' is shown.

meouser:~/triv_dir$ ls -ldR
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .

What am I missing from the manual?

I noticed from https://stackoverflow.com/a/29277454/11199684 that this can be achieved by
find . -maxdepth 2 -type d -print
which is impressive but it gives less information than the ls output above. Besides, I might not know beforehand the correct maxdepth? And above all, for future needs I'm actually interested in teaching myself from the manuals. Advice are appreciated.

asked Mar 27 at 14:50

user9393931

63 bronze badges

If you use zsh, you can do ls -ld **/*(/) Not sure if possible with plain ls

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:00

@balki I seem to have bash. That gives error message bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' . zsh is unrecognized command.

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:28

Yes, it does not work in bash. If possible, install zsh (sudo apt install zsh). it is a better shell than bash and mostly backwards compatible with bash.

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:32

add a comment |

I'm getting myself familiar with Linux (Debian 9). However I managed to get myself confused with the ls command manual. I made up the following trivial setting for testing:

meouser:~/triv_dir$ ls -laR
.:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:41 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 6 Mar 27 15:44 c
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 6 Mar 27 15:44 d

./a:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 aa
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 ab
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_1
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_2

./a/a_sub_1:
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:55 aaa

./a/a_sub_2:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 ..

./b:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 ba
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 bb

I would like to see all the directory names and their subdirectories, but not the filenames. That is, I want something like ls --insert-options-here so that the output is this subset from above:

.:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:41 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 b

./a:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_1
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_2

According to ls manual that should be achieved by ls -ldR.

meouser:~/triv_dir$ man ls

 -a, --all
 do not ignore entries starting with .

 -d, --directory
 list directories themselves, not their contents

 -l use a long listing format

 -R, --recursive
 list subdirectories recursively

But this is what happens instead: only the '.' is shown.

meouser:~/triv_dir$ ls -ldR
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .

What am I missing from the manual?

asked Mar 27 at 14:50

user9393931

63 bronze badges

If you use zsh, you can do ls -ld **/*(/) Not sure if possible with plain ls

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:00

@balki I seem to have bash. That gives error message bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' . zsh is unrecognized command.

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:28

Yes, it does not work in bash. If possible, install zsh (sudo apt install zsh). it is a better shell than bash and mostly backwards compatible with bash.

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:32

add a comment |

I'm getting myself familiar with Linux (Debian 9). However I managed to get myself confused with the ls command manual. I made up the following trivial setting for testing:

meouser:~/triv_dir$ ls -laR
.:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:41 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 6 Mar 27 15:44 c
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 6 Mar 27 15:44 d

./a:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 aa
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 ab
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_1
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_2

./a/a_sub_1:
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:55 aaa

./a/a_sub_2:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 ..

./b:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 ba
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 bb

I would like to see all the directory names and their subdirectories, but not the filenames. That is, I want something like ls --insert-options-here so that the output is this subset from above:

.:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:41 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 b

./a:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_1
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_2

According to ls manual that should be achieved by ls -ldR.

meouser:~/triv_dir$ man ls

 -a, --all
 do not ignore entries starting with .

 -d, --directory
 list directories themselves, not their contents

 -l use a long listing format

 -R, --recursive
 list subdirectories recursively

But this is what happens instead: only the '.' is shown.

meouser:~/triv_dir$ ls -ldR
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .

What am I missing from the manual?

asked Mar 27 at 14:50

user9393931

63 bronze badges

I'm getting myself familiar with Linux (Debian 9). However I managed to get myself confused with the ls command manual. I made up the following trivial setting for testing:

meouser:~/triv_dir$ ls -laR
.:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:41 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 6 Mar 27 15:44 c
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 6 Mar 27 15:44 d

./a:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 aa
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 ab
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_1
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_2

./a/a_sub_1:
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:55 aaa

./a/a_sub_2:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 ..

./b:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 ba
-rw-r--r-- 1 meouser meouser 4 Mar 27 15:50 bb

I would like to see all the directory names and their subdirectories, but not the filenames. That is, I want something like ls --insert-options-here so that the output is this subset from above:

.:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:41 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 b

./a:
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_1
drwxr-xr-x 2 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:55 a_sub_2

According to ls manual that should be achieved by ls -ldR.

meouser:~/triv_dir$ man ls

 -a, --all
 do not ignore entries starting with .

 -d, --directory
 list directories themselves, not their contents

 -l use a long listing format

 -R, --recursive
 list subdirectories recursively

But this is what happens instead: only the '.' is shown.

meouser:~/triv_dir$ ls -ldR
drwxr-xr-x 4 meouser meouser 4096 Mar 27 15:42 .

What am I missing from the manual?

linux ls manual

asked Mar 27 at 14:50

user9393931

63 bronze badges

asked Mar 27 at 14:50

user9393931

63 bronze badges

asked Mar 27 at 14:50

user9393931

63 bronze badges

asked Mar 27 at 14:50

user9393931

63 bronze badges

asked Mar 27 at 14:50

user9393931

63 bronze badges

If you use zsh, you can do ls -ld **/*(/) Not sure if possible with plain ls

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:00

@balki I seem to have bash. That gives error message bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' . zsh is unrecognized command.

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:28

Yes, it does not work in bash. If possible, install zsh (sudo apt install zsh). it is a better shell than bash and mostly backwards compatible with bash.

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:32

add a comment |

If you use zsh, you can do ls -ld **/*(/) Not sure if possible with plain ls

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:00

@balki I seem to have bash. That gives error message bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' . zsh is unrecognized command.

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:28

Yes, it does not work in bash. If possible, install zsh (sudo apt install zsh). it is a better shell than bash and mostly backwards compatible with bash.

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:32

If you use zsh, you can do ls -ld **/*(/) Not sure if possible with plain ls

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:00

@balki I seem to have bash. That gives error message bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' . zsh is unrecognized command.

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:28

Yes, it does not work in bash. If possible, install zsh (sudo apt install zsh). it is a better shell than bash and mostly backwards compatible with bash.

– balki
Mar 27 at 15:32

add a comment |

1 Answer
1

active

oldest

votes

The -d option apply to [FILE] given as input, in your case, as none are given, you fall back to the default one : the current directory. The recursivity doesn't apply as no directory are returned.

To get the same output as ls with the find command, you can combine them :

find . -type d -exec ls -ld ;

edited Mar 27 at 15:04

answered Mar 27 at 14:58

Jona

4041 gold badge3 silver badges11 bronze badges

Thanks for that solution, it is an interesting one and will take me some time to digest that syntax. But I don't quite get your first paragraph. With ls -ldR . there is input (the current directory) but I still get the same result as with ls -ldR (only .). And with ls -ldR * I get the same result as with ls -l (list of a,b,c,d).

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:41

I tried to explain why the manual says "list directories themselves". Another way to say it is "list directories themselves given as input". You can think of the -d option having the precedence over the -R one (if you don't list the content, how can the recursivity works ?).

– Jona
Mar 27 at 15:56

@jww Do you mean that this question is more appropriate on unix.stackexchange.com ?

– Jona
Mar 27 at 20:22

add a comment |

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1 Answer
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1 Answer
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To get the same output as ls with the find command, you can combine them :

find . -type d -exec ls -ld ;

edited Mar 27 at 15:04

answered Mar 27 at 14:58

Jona

4041 gold badge3 silver badges11 bronze badges

Thanks for that solution, it is an interesting one and will take me some time to digest that syntax. But I don't quite get your first paragraph. With ls -ldR . there is input (the current directory) but I still get the same result as with ls -ldR (only .). And with ls -ldR * I get the same result as with ls -l (list of a,b,c,d).

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:41

I tried to explain why the manual says "list directories themselves". Another way to say it is "list directories themselves given as input". You can think of the -d option having the precedence over the -R one (if you don't list the content, how can the recursivity works ?).

– Jona
Mar 27 at 15:56

@jww Do you mean that this question is more appropriate on unix.stackexchange.com ?

– Jona
Mar 27 at 20:22

add a comment |

To get the same output as ls with the find command, you can combine them :

find . -type d -exec ls -ld ;

edited Mar 27 at 15:04

answered Mar 27 at 14:58

Jona

4041 gold badge3 silver badges11 bronze badges

Thanks for that solution, it is an interesting one and will take me some time to digest that syntax. But I don't quite get your first paragraph. With ls -ldR . there is input (the current directory) but I still get the same result as with ls -ldR (only .). And with ls -ldR * I get the same result as with ls -l (list of a,b,c,d).

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:41

I tried to explain why the manual says "list directories themselves". Another way to say it is "list directories themselves given as input". You can think of the -d option having the precedence over the -R one (if you don't list the content, how can the recursivity works ?).

– Jona
Mar 27 at 15:56

@jww Do you mean that this question is more appropriate on unix.stackexchange.com ?

– Jona
Mar 27 at 20:22

add a comment |

To get the same output as ls with the find command, you can combine them :

find . -type d -exec ls -ld ;

edited Mar 27 at 15:04

answered Mar 27 at 14:58

Jona

4041 gold badge3 silver badges11 bronze badges

To get the same output as ls with the find command, you can combine them :

find . -type d -exec ls -ld ;

edited Mar 27 at 15:04

answered Mar 27 at 14:58

Jona

4041 gold badge3 silver badges11 bronze badges

edited Mar 27 at 15:04

answered Mar 27 at 14:58

Jona

4041 gold badge3 silver badges11 bronze badges

answered Mar 27 at 14:58

Jona

4041 gold badge3 silver badges11 bronze badges

answered Mar 27 at 14:58

Jona

4041 gold badge3 silver badges11 bronze badges

Thanks for that solution, it is an interesting one and will take me some time to digest that syntax. But I don't quite get your first paragraph. With ls -ldR . there is input (the current directory) but I still get the same result as with ls -ldR (only .). And with ls -ldR * I get the same result as with ls -l (list of a,b,c,d).

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:41

I tried to explain why the manual says "list directories themselves". Another way to say it is "list directories themselves given as input". You can think of the -d option having the precedence over the -R one (if you don't list the content, how can the recursivity works ?).

– Jona
Mar 27 at 15:56

@jww Do you mean that this question is more appropriate on unix.stackexchange.com ?

– Jona
Mar 27 at 20:22

add a comment |

Thanks for that solution, it is an interesting one and will take me some time to digest that syntax. But I don't quite get your first paragraph. With ls -ldR . there is input (the current directory) but I still get the same result as with ls -ldR (only .). And with ls -ldR * I get the same result as with ls -l (list of a,b,c,d).

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:41

I tried to explain why the manual says "list directories themselves". Another way to say it is "list directories themselves given as input". You can think of the -d option having the precedence over the -R one (if you don't list the content, how can the recursivity works ?).

– Jona
Mar 27 at 15:56

@jww Do you mean that this question is more appropriate on unix.stackexchange.com ?

– Jona
Mar 27 at 20:22

Thanks for that solution, it is an interesting one and will take me some time to digest that syntax. But I don't quite get your first paragraph. With ls -ldR . there is input (the current directory) but I still get the same result as with ls -ldR (only .). And with ls -ldR * I get the same result as with ls -l (list of a,b,c,d).

– user9393931
Mar 27 at 15:41

I tried to explain why the manual says "list directories themselves". Another way to say it is "list directories themselves given as input". You can think of the -d option having the precedence over the -R one (if you don't list the content, how can the recursivity works ?).

– Jona
Mar 27 at 15:56

@jww Do you mean that this question is more appropriate on unix.stackexchange.com ?

– Jona
Mar 27 at 20:22

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